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Table 5 The Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ) Results

From: Assessment of a multi-ingredient dietary supplement on sleep quality: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover clinical study

  

placebo

treatment

 

Overall Score

Washout

2.91 ± 0.13

2.84 ± 0.13abc

a 0.0129

 

Week 2

3.02 ± 0.13

3.08 ± 0.13b

b 0.0280

 

Week 3

3.09 ± 0.13a

3.10 ± 0.13c

c 0.0129

  

placebo

treatment

 

Sleep Quality (wakefulness)

Washout

2.86 ± 0.20

2.73 ± 0.20abc

a 0.0054

 

Week 2

3.03 ± 0.20

3.16 ± 0.20c

b 0.0249

 

Week 3

3.16 ± 0.20b

3.23 ± 0.20a

c 0.0249

  

placebo

treatment

 

Difficulty Falling Asleep

Washout

2.90 ± 0.24a

2.83 ± 0.24bc

a 0.0469

 

Week 2

3.20 ± 0.24

3.30 ± 0.24b

b 0.0469

 

Week 3

3.16 ± 0.24

3.36 ± 0.24ac

c 0.0139

  

placebo

treatment

 

How Quickly Fall Asleep

Washout

2.87 ± 0.24

2.84 ± 0.24

ns

 

Week 2

3.14 ± 0.24

3.27 ± 0.24

 
 

Week 3

3.24 ± 0.24

3.27 ± 0.24

 
  

placebo

treatment

 

Sleepy Before Bed

Washout

3.15 ± 0.22

2.92 ± 0.22a

a 0.0237

 

Week 2

3.15 ± 0.22

3.29 ± 0.22

 
 

Week 3

3.25 ± 0.22

3.39 ± 0.22a

 
  

placebo

treatment

 

Restless During Sleep

Washout

2.80 ± 0.23a

2.83 ± 0.23b

a 0.0190

 

Week 2

3.00 ± 0.23

2.93 ± 0.23

b 0.0357

 

Week 3

3.30 ± 0.23ab

3.13 ± 0.23

 
  

placebo

treatment

 

How Difficult to Wake Up

Washout

2.93 ± 0.22

2.86 ± 0.22

ns

 

Week 2

3.03 ± 0.22

2.90 ± 0.22

 
 

Week 3

2.96 ± 0.22

2.90 ± 0.22

 
  

placebo

treatment

 

How You Feel When You Wake Up

Washout

2.78 ± 0.24

2.72 ± 0.24

ns

 

Week 2

2.98 ± 0.24

3.02 ± 0.24

 
 

Week 3

2.92 ± 0.24

2.95 ± 0.24

 
  

placebo

treatment

 

How Long to Wake Up

Washout

2.97 ± 0.16

2.90 ± 0.16

ns

 

Week 2

2.83 ± 0.16

3.03 ± 0.16

 
 

Week 3

2.83 ± 0.16

2.97 ± 0.16

 
  

placebo

treatment

 

Balance/Coordination Upon Waking

Washout

3.00 ± 0.12

2.93 ± 0.12

ns

 

Week 2

3.03 ± 0.12

3.03 ± 0.12

 
 

Week 3

3.13 ± 0.12

3.00 ± 0.12

 
  1. a b c significant difference between groups with the same letter of annotation. P values noted on the right side of table. Significance is indicated by a p value < 0.01. ns, nonsignificant. The LSEQ has each parameter on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being best. ± 95% confidence intervals