Table 4 Bi-variables and multi-variables regression analysis between outcome variable and explanatory variables among people with epilepsy attending follow-up care at referral hospitals in Illu Ababore and Buno Bedele zone, southwest Ethiopia, 2023 (n = 420)

Sex

Female

139

80

1.41(0.89–2.00)

0.96(0.53- 1.85)

0.14

Male

111

90

1

1

Seizure frequency/month

 ≥ 3

97

52

1.15(0.68–1.94)

0.81(0.48- 1.72)

0.13

1–2

88

78

0.69(0.38–1.57)

0.68(0.12–1.97)

0.34

0

65

40

1

1

Treatment regimen

More than one medication

137

80

1.36(0.84–1.98)

1.23(0.58–1.74)

0.36

One medication

113

90

1

1

Drug adherence

Poor

120

61

1.65(1.20–2.46)

1.86(1.13–3.23)

0.021^*

Good

130

109

1

1

Depression

Yes

115

47

2.23(1.48–3.21)

2.10(1.42–4.21)

0.002^**

No

135

123

1

1

Anxiety

Yes

161

62

3.15(1.89–5.10)

2.71(1.67–4.82)

0.001^**

No

89

108

Perceived stigma

Yes

101

55

1.42(0.89–2.01)

1.31(0.74–1.87)

0.624

No

149

115

1

1

Sleep Quality

Poor

197

64

6.16(3.86–11.0)

5.70(3.12–10.01)

0.0001^**

Good

53

106

1

1

Current use of khat

Yes

100

57

1.32(0.84–2.17)

0.81(0.79–1.44)

0.47

No

150

113

1

1

Current use of alcohol

Yes

103

45

1.94(1.25–3.29)

1.74(1.27–3.13)

0.023*

No

147

125

1

1